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What Exactly Makes One Knot Better Than Another Has Not Been Well-Understood – Until Now
With the help of color-changing fibers, MIT researchers develop a mathematical model to predict a knot’s stability. Credit: Image courtesy of the researchers How Strong Is Your Knot? With help from spaghetti and color-changing fibers, a new mathematical model predicts a knot’s stability. In sailing, rock climbing, construction, and any activity requiring the securing of ropes, certain knots are known to be stronger than others. Any seasoned sailor knows, for instance, that one type of knot will secure a sheet to a headsail, while another is better for hitching a boat to a piling. But what exactly makes one knot more stable than another has not been well-understood, until now. MIT mathematicians and engineers have developed a mathematical model that…
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Jumping Frost Crystals: Electrostatic De-icing Effect Could Be a Game-Changer for Aircraft and HVAC Industries
Frost breaks off and “jumps” upward due to an electrostatic charge. Credit: Virginia Tech If you have ever gotten up on a winter morning and thrown yourself into the arduous task of scraping frost from a windshield, a Virginia Tech lab is engaging science that could make your life much easier. In research funded by the National Science Foundation, Associate Professor Jonathan Borekyo has led a team in developing a potential solution for frost removal by way of electrostatics. As water freezes, positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons separate. Frozen ice crystals become electrified as the top of the frost becomes warmer than the bottom of the frost. This causes charged ions to move from top to bottom (warm to…
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Microfluidic Chip Simplifies COVID-19 Testing, Delivers Results on a Phone in 55 Minutes or Less
Programmed magnetic nanobeads paired with an off-the-shelf cellphone and plug-in diagnostic tool can diagnose COVID-19 in 55 minutes or less, according to Rice University engineers. Credit: Jeff Fitlow/Rice University Programmed magnetic nanobeads enable diagnostic device designed at Rice University. COVID-19 can be diagnosed in 55 minutes or less with the help of programmed magnetic nanobeads and a diagnostic tool that plugs into an off-the-shelf cellphone, according to Rice University engineers. The Rice lab of mechanical engineer Peter Lillehoj has developed a stamp-sized microfluidic chip that measures the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein in blood serum from a standard finger prick. The nanobeads bind to SARS-CoV-2 N protein, a biomarker for COVID-19, in the chip and transport it to an…
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New Propulsion System Could Enable Flying at Speeds Up to Mach 17
A conceptual hypersonic aircraft, powered by an oblique detonation wave engine, is pictured. Background image credit: NASA. Aircraft and composite image credit: Daniel Rosato, UCF. The UCF-developed propulsion system could allow for flight speeds of Mach 6 to 17 (more than 4,600 to 13,000 miles per hour) and would have applications in air and space travel. University of Central Florida researchers are building on their technology that could pave the way for hypersonic flight, such as travel from New York to Los Angeles in under 30 minutes. In their latest research published recently in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers discovered a way to stabilize the detonation needed for hypersonic propulsion by creating a special…
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First-Ever Transient Pacemaker Harmlessly Dissolves in Body – Disappears After It’s No Longer Needed
An illustration of the transient pacemaker mounted on myocardial tissue. Credit: Northwestern University/George Washington University Wireless, fully implantable device gives temporary pacing without requiring removal. Bioresorption bypasses need to extract non-biodegradable leads, eliminating additional risk to patient Pacemaker is remotely powered by near-field communication protocols Researchers tested the device across a series of large and small animal models Heart surgeon: ‘This device will greatly improve a patient’s post-operative course’ Researchers at Northwestern and George Washington universities (GW) have developed the first-ever transient pacemaker — a wireless, battery-free, fully implantable pacing device that disappears after it’s no longer needed. The thin, flexible, lightweight device could be used in patients who need temporary pacing after cardiac surgery or while waiting for a…
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Microscopy Technique Makes High-Resolution Images of Deeper Tissue, More Quickly
This image shows a temporal focusing microscopy (TFM) image, left, and DEEP-TFM image, right, of a kidney imaged through a scattering medium. Shown in blue, green, and red channels are respectively nucleus, Alexa Fluor 488–conjugated WGA, and F-actin. Credit: Courtesy of the researchers Researchers could rapidly obtain high-resolution images of blood vessels and neurons within the brain. To create high-resolution, 3D images of tissues such as the brain, researchers often use two-photon microscopy, which involves aiming a high-intensity laser at the specimen to induce fluorescence excitation. However, scanning deep within the brain can be difficult because light scatters off of tissues as it goes deeper, making images blurry. Two-photon imaging is also time-consuming, as it usually requires scanning individual pixels…
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